NUCLEI class 12 physics ch 13 revision notrs pdf , class 12 physics revision notes of chapter 13 NUCLEI by blue sky pcm , blue sky posts
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all the important topics covered . topics covered---- Nucleus, composition of nucleus,mass of protons,mass of neutron, charge of protons, charge of neutron, mass and charge of electron. atomic number,mass number, size of nucleus, volume of nucleus,nuclear mass,nuclear density, atomic mass unit , mass energy relationship. mass defect, isotopes, isobars,isotones, binding energy, binding energy per nucleon , stability of nucleus, important feature of binding energy curve. Nuclear force. it's properties, charge independent, radioactivity, nuclear radiation, alpha particles,beta particles,gamma particles,rays comparison of alpha, beta and gamma. laws of radioactive disintegration. radioactive decay constant. radioactive decay law. half life, full life, average life,mean life activity, Nuclear fission. important terms related to nuclear fission critical size, critical mass, critical distance, neutron energy released per fission of uranium. 236/235 chain reaction. 1-control chain reaction 2- uncontrollable chain reaction. atom bomb/nuclear bombs nuclear reactor/atomic pile. function of reactors nuclear. mains parts--- Fuels, moderator, control roads,coolant, shielding,safety device. thermal neutron. Nuclear fusion cycles from which the helium (he) nucleus formed carbon nitrogen cycle proton -proton cycle. difference between disintegration and fission chapter 13 Nuclei revision class 12 Physics chapter 13 The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenk and Werner Heisenberg. An atom is composed of a positively-charged nucleus, with a cloud of negatively-charged electrons surrounding it, bound together by electrostatic force. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force. The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 1.7566 fm (1.7566×10−15 m) for hydrogen(the diameter of a single proton) to about 11.7142 fm for the heaviest atom uranium.[7]These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud), by a factor of about 26,634 (uranium atomic radius is about 156 pm(156×10−12 m))[8] to about 60,250 (hydrogen atomic radius is about 52.92 pm).[a] The branch of physics concerned with the study and understanding of the atomic nucleus, including its composition and the forces which bind it together, is called nuclear physics. Protons and neutrons are fermions, with different values of the strong isospin quantum number, so two protons and two neutrons can share the same space wave function since they are not identical quantum entities. They are sometimes viewed as two different quantum states of the same particle, the nucleon. Two fermions, such as two protons, or two neutrons, or a proton + neutron (the deuteron) can exhibit bosonic behavior when they become loosely bound in pairs, which have integer spin. In the rare case of a hyper nucleus, a third baryon called a hyperon, containing one or more strange quarks and/or other unusual quark(s), can also share the wave function. However, this type of nucleus is extremely unstable and not found on Earth except in high energy physics experiments. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. These are the revision notes . Be humble be teachable and always keep learning. Everything start with a dream. Don't work hard work smart.. Please like and comment the video and subscribe the channel .Give us valuable suggestions and feedback in the comment section. Thank you. Blue sky.
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PDF FILE- PDF notes
all the important topics covered . topics covered---- Nucleus, composition of nucleus,mass of protons,mass of neutron, charge of protons, charge of neutron, mass and charge of electron. atomic number,mass number, size of nucleus, volume of nucleus,nuclear mass,nuclear density, atomic mass unit , mass energy relationship. mass defect, isotopes, isobars,isotones, binding energy, binding energy per nucleon , stability of nucleus, important feature of binding energy curve. Nuclear force. it's properties, charge independent, radioactivity, nuclear radiation, alpha particles,beta particles,gamma particles,rays comparison of alpha, beta and gamma. laws of radioactive disintegration. radioactive decay constant. radioactive decay law. half life, full life, average life,mean life activity, Nuclear fission. important terms related to nuclear fission critical size, critical mass, critical distance, neutron energy released per fission of uranium. 236/235 chain reaction. 1-control chain reaction 2- uncontrollable chain reaction. atom bomb/nuclear bombs nuclear reactor/atomic pile. function of reactors nuclear. mains parts--- Fuels, moderator, control roads,coolant, shielding,safety device. thermal neutron. Nuclear fusion cycles from which the helium (he) nucleus formed carbon nitrogen cycle proton -proton cycle. difference between disintegration and fission chapter 13 Nuclei revision class 12 Physics chapter 13 The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenk and Werner Heisenberg. An atom is composed of a positively-charged nucleus, with a cloud of negatively-charged electrons surrounding it, bound together by electrostatic force. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force. The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 1.7566 fm (1.7566×10−15 m) for hydrogen(the diameter of a single proton) to about 11.7142 fm for the heaviest atom uranium.[7]These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud), by a factor of about 26,634 (uranium atomic radius is about 156 pm(156×10−12 m))[8] to about 60,250 (hydrogen atomic radius is about 52.92 pm).[a] The branch of physics concerned with the study and understanding of the atomic nucleus, including its composition and the forces which bind it together, is called nuclear physics. Protons and neutrons are fermions, with different values of the strong isospin quantum number, so two protons and two neutrons can share the same space wave function since they are not identical quantum entities. They are sometimes viewed as two different quantum states of the same particle, the nucleon. Two fermions, such as two protons, or two neutrons, or a proton + neutron (the deuteron) can exhibit bosonic behavior when they become loosely bound in pairs, which have integer spin. In the rare case of a hyper nucleus, a third baryon called a hyperon, containing one or more strange quarks and/or other unusual quark(s), can also share the wave function. However, this type of nucleus is extremely unstable and not found on Earth except in high energy physics experiments. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. These are the revision notes . Be humble be teachable and always keep learning. Everything start with a dream. Don't work hard work smart.. Please like and comment the video and subscribe the channel .Give us valuable suggestions and feedback in the comment section. Thank you. Blue sky.
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