Class 12 physics ch 9 RAY optics revision notes pdf ,chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments revision notes pdf by blue sky .
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all important topics covered. ray optics class 12 Physics revision. this is the 1 part of the chapter . in this we cover all the important topics---- definition of optics, types of optics Ray optics, wave optics properties of light, reflection of light,laws of reflection, types of mirror plane mirror, spherical mirror, convex mirror, concave mirror. important terms related to spherical mirror. pole, radius, of curvature, center of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, relation between focal length and radius. image formation. sign convention, mirror formulas, magnification, linear magnification, lateral magnification,in terms of u,v,f. uses of concave and convex mirror. spherical aberration, refraction,laws of refraction. refractive index, dependence of refractive index physical significance of refractive index. principal of reversibility. ray optics class 12 revision ray optics class 12 refraction ray optics class 12 total internal reflection ray optics reflection class 12 questions related to ray optics class 12 : Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometric optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. The simplifying assumptions of geometrical optics include that light rays: propagate in straight-line paths as they travel in a homogeneous medium bend, and in particular circumstances may split in two, at the interface between two dissimilar media follow curved paths in a medium in which the refractive index changes may be absorbed or reflected. Geometrical optics does not account for certain optical effects such as diffraction and interference. This simplification is useful in practice; it is an excellent approximation when the wavelength is small compared to the size of structures with which the light interacts. The techniques are particularly useful in describing geometrical aspects of imaging, including optical aberrations. Explanation A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the light's wave fronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time.
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all important topics covered. ray optics class 12 Physics revision. this is the 1 part of the chapter . in this we cover all the important topics---- definition of optics, types of optics Ray optics, wave optics properties of light, reflection of light,laws of reflection, types of mirror plane mirror, spherical mirror, convex mirror, concave mirror. important terms related to spherical mirror. pole, radius, of curvature, center of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, relation between focal length and radius. image formation. sign convention, mirror formulas, magnification, linear magnification, lateral magnification,in terms of u,v,f. uses of concave and convex mirror. spherical aberration, refraction,laws of refraction. refractive index, dependence of refractive index physical significance of refractive index. principal of reversibility. ray optics class 12 revision ray optics class 12 refraction ray optics class 12 total internal reflection ray optics reflection class 12 questions related to ray optics class 12 : Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometric optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. The simplifying assumptions of geometrical optics include that light rays: propagate in straight-line paths as they travel in a homogeneous medium bend, and in particular circumstances may split in two, at the interface between two dissimilar media follow curved paths in a medium in which the refractive index changes may be absorbed or reflected. Geometrical optics does not account for certain optical effects such as diffraction and interference. This simplification is useful in practice; it is an excellent approximation when the wavelength is small compared to the size of structures with which the light interacts. The techniques are particularly useful in describing geometrical aspects of imaging, including optical aberrations. Explanation A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the light's wave fronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time.
Geometrical optics is often simplified by making the paraxial approximation, or "small angle approximation." The mathematical behavior then becomes linear, allowing optical components and systems to be described by simple matrices. This leads to the techniques of Gaussian optics and paraxial ray tracing, which are used to find basic properties of optical systems, such as approximate image and object positions and magnifications.
optical Instruments
- Optical instruments are instruments using reflecting and refracting properties of mirrors, lenses and prisms.
- A number of optical devices and instruments have been designed utilising reflecting and refracting properties of mirrors, lenses and prisms.
- Periscope, kaleidoscope, binoculars, telescopes; microscopes are some examples of optical devices and instruments.
- Some of optical instruments which consists of lenses and prisms are:-
- Binoculars
- Telescope
- Microscope
- Eye
CBSE Revision Notes for Physics Ray Optics and Optical
Ray Optics and Optical Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker's formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror, refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light - blue color of sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
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